Articles news 500 600 words jobs
Data Entry... - I am looking for a freelancer who can assist me with typing work. - The project involves entering data into a spreadsheet or a database. - The ideal candidate should have excellent typing skills and attention to detail. - There is no specific software preference for data cleaning, so the freelancer can use Excel, Python, or any other tool they are comfortable with. - The dataset contains 100-500 records or entries. - The project requires accuracy and efficiency in data entry. - Experience in data analysis would be a plus, but not mandatory. - The freelancer should be able to complete the task within the specified timeframe. - Good communication skills and the ability to follow instructions are important. - This is a one-time project with the potential for future coll...
Seeking an experienced WordPress developer to build an all-inclusive financial platform. Key Features: - Facilitate trading in stocks, mutual funds, commodities, and forex. - Provide aggregate financial news covering stock market trends, mutual fund performance, commodity prices, forex exchange rates. - Showcase detailed insurance plans and coverage options encompassing life, car, and health insurance. Ideal freelancer will have: - Proficiency in WordPress development. - Knowledge of financial markets and their dynamics. - Experience in creating user-friendly, engaging, and informative web interfaces. - Past portfolio in financial services web development, similar to platforms like Groww, Upstox, Angel one, Policy Bazar, etc - Presentable Mobile App Looking forward to co-creati...
I need a creative talent to design a logo for my media company, "Blacknews 360". The logo should have a modern and minimalistic flair, using a black and white color scheme. An important aspect of the design should be bold letters along with an integration of a symbol that is relatable to news. Ideal candidate possesses solid experience in brand and logo design with a portfolio showcasing a variety of styles, particularly modern and minimalist designs. Proficiency in design software and an understanding of media symbolism will be beneficial for this job.
I am seeking a highly experienced full service Affiliate Management with a proven track record to uphold two Beta affiliate opportunities. See affiliate details middle Paid $1,000.00 to $2,000.00 commission only as agreed in 1st meeting Experience: - Prior Experience in Affiliate Management: Demonstrable experience in managing affiliate programs is crucial for this position. - High-Ticket Affiliate Program Skills: Familiarity with high-ticket affiliate programs is critical to understand our business model and deliever excellent returns. Time Commitment: To snowball and be progressive 2,000+ affiliates planned in 1 year 4 news articials
I'm looking for a skilled lead scraper with prior experience in compiling lists of law firms. The ideal candidate should have: - Proficiency in lead scraping - Prior experience in compiling lists of law firms, especially in California - Ability to gather and organize the following information from each la...Law firm name - Contact person's name - Email address - Website - Physical address - Phone number of the contact person - Phone number of the law firm The project will involve the compilation of three CSV lists, each focusing on a different niche within law firms - Family law, Personal Law, and Criminal law. In total, the completed lists should contain approximately 100-500 leads each. The leads should be based in California, USA. Looking f...
...Voiceover: "But what if these screens could speak to your audience, engage with every glance?" [0:21-0:25] Scene: A school where a previously blank screen now shows news, weather, and special educational announcements. Voiceover: "Imagine transforming a blank screen into a vibrant source of information and promotion." [0:26-0:30] Scene: Gym screens switch from off to displaying health tips, class schedules, and motivational quotes. Voiceover: "Or energizing gym-goers with dynamic content that moves with their rhythm." [0:31-0:35] Scene: Corporate screens now rotate through employee achievements, upcoming events, and real-time company news. Voiceover: "Transform a corporate space by celebrating successes and sharing critical updates as ...
I'm looking for a skilled designer who can create 3 variations of ads for an Adwords campaign. The primary ad format will be square (1080 x 1080 pixels with an aspect ratio of 1:1). The campaign's primary objecti...to work within brand guidelines The 3 Products are Tornado GPT - OSD and Rainwater Tanks - Oil-water Separators - Provide at least 3 variations with these dimensions: - Landscape: 1200 x 628 pixels, aspect ratio 1.9:1 - Square: 1080 x 1080 pixels, aspect ratio 1:1 - Vertical: 600 x 750 pixels, aspect ratio 4:5 Please note that my preference is for a freelancer who has experience with similar branding campaigns and has a portfolio that showcases their past work.
...developer to create a newspaper website within a tight timeframe. Here are some specifics: Key Features Needed: - Implementation of a news article system - Inclusion of categories and sections for better organization - Integration of a search function to enhance user experience User Registration and Login: - I am not yet certain if I will need a user registration and login system. This is a feature that might be implemented in the future. Mobile Optimization: - The website must be optimized for mobile devices. This is crucial to ensure that the site is accessible to a wide range of users. Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in developing websites with news article systems. - Proficient in creating and implementing categories and sections. - Experienced in designing a...
I'm looking for a Russian-speaking news anchor with an intermediate level of proficiency. The content you will deliver is international news. This project is intended for a YouTube channel. The provided content covers recent events. If you can record this text for a test on your phone and send me the video, that would be great. Later, I will provide a solution on how to record it better. The text I will provide should take about 3 minutes to record. Please record a video for testing and let me know if you have any questions. Key requirements: - Proficient in the Russian language, both written and spoken - Experience or strong interest in delivering news content - Ability to conduct research
...are launching a YouTube channel focused on delivering exceptional finance content that stands out from the conventional "how to make money" narratives. This role is perfect for someone who is deeply passionate about finance, enjoys keeping up with financial news, witty, and is excited to help build a unique brand from the ground up. Responsibilities: * Write engaging, informative, and detailed scripts for long-form YouTube videos that resonate with and expand our audience. 4 videos/month. Stay up-to-date with the latest financial news and trends to incorporate the most viral-potential concepts. Brainstorm how to differentiate from current finance channels. Requirements: * Proven scriptwriting experience, writing for YouTube specifically. * Good understanding on...
...specialist to help me set up and manage an effective campaign with the aim of increasing website traffic. Key Requirements: - Experience in setting up and managing Google Ads campaigns, particularly focused on increasing website traffic. - A proven track record of driving results, and ideally, experience in the target audience demographic of 25 to 65+. - Ability to work within a budget range of $500 - $1,000, ensuring optimal use of resources for the best possible outcome. Your role will be pivotal in helping my website grow and reach a wider audience. A successful engagement would not only meet the goal of increasing traffic but also potentially lay the foundation for a long-term relationship as the website continues to develop and evolve. If you're confident in your ab...
I want to engage with someone to help me co write business articles around leadership and general management. Life learnings. And so on. Varied topics. Looking for a longish engagement with someone ideally having some corporate experiences.
I'm in need of a proficient SEO expert who can assist in building off-page backlinks to boost my website's search engine rankings. The project's primary goal is to improve visibility and attract a global audience. Key requirements include: - Creation of high-quality, relevant articles & web 2.0 links. - Links should be strategically placed for maximum SEO impact. - Links should enhance the website's credibility and authority in the eyes of search engines. - Comprehensive understanding of backlink best practices and the ability to adapt to changing search engine algorithms. - Experience in global SEO techniques is highly preferred. Your work will play a crucial role in our search engine optimization strategy, so we are looking for a professional with a prov...
Need to write the movie script that will be about 1:40 minute. (8 or 9 episodes in total) Budget: $500 per episode Deadline: 60 days.
Hi Osama! Creating this project to design a poster for Santinos Menu. Board size in 600 mm (width)x 2400mm (height). You need to design poster for the same size dimensions.
I'm seeking an experienced developer who's capable of finalizing the 10 bot templates I already have on make.com. The templates need to be customized for my industry and connected to my Social Medi...on make.com. The templates need to be customized for my industry and connected to my Social Media account, google etc. They need to be fully tested and operational for handover and delivering what they are supposed to. Examples of existing workflows: (1) Identify trending SEO keywords and create google sheet (template in place but not customized and functioning yet) and create 3 articles/blogs with those key words (to be created). The rest are very similar. The bots I already have, they are already in make.com. I need someone to finish them (test and customize for me a...
I am looking for someone with prowess in data entry. The work involves feeding text into a Word document with attention to detail. Details: - Input less than 500 entries of text data. - Efficiency and accuracy are key as there is no room for error. Skills and Experience Required: - Proficiency in Microsoft Word - Data Entry skills - Attention to detail - Ability to work quickly and efficiently.
...the technology niche, with the aim of improving my search engine rankings, increasing website traffic and enhancing overall online visibility. Key Requirements: - Proven SEO experience and understanding of the latest trends and tactics - Ability to generate quality backlinks that are relevant and valuable for a tech-focused website - Backlinks must come from reputable sources such as tech blogs, news sites or online communities and forums in related fields Ideal Skills: - Expertise in creating high-quality backlinks, preferably in the technology industry - Strong understanding of website optimization and Google's ranking factors - Excellent analytic skills to track backlink performance and adapt strategies as necessary Your primary goal will be to execute a robust backli...
...editing and SEO content refinement. - Responsiveness: Ensuring seamless functionality across all devices, with a focus on mobile optimization. - Social Media Integration: Integrating social media platforms to enhance engagement and broaden online presence. The project includes developing the following pages: - Home - Veneer: Various Types - Lumber: Full Product Range - Plywood: All Varieties - LN News - Get in Touch - About LN Image editing in Photoshop will use provided or royalty-free images, all aligned with the theme. Content will feature relevant keywords for optimal SEO, with strategic social media integration. Additionally, integration of a WhatsApp live chat feature is required. An attached Semrush audit report identifies existing site errors and notices, necessitatin...
I am looking for a skilled script writer to create in-depth and well-researched scripts for my hip hop YouTube channel. The content will be primarily focused on the latest happenings in the hip hop industry. Key Responsibilities: - Crafting scripts for videos that delve deep into current events and trends in the hip hop community, with a keen focus on news. - Ensuring that the script is comprehensive, informative and engaging, while maintaining a professional tone. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in script writing, particularly in the domain of hip hop or music. - An understanding of the hip hop industry and its trends. - Ability to conduct thorough research, distill complex information into engaging scripts. - Exceptional writing skills, with a knack for maintai...
I'm in need of a content writer to help me create engaging tech-related articles. The primary goal of these articles is to drive traffic to my website. Key Responsibilities: - Creating rich and informative content about various tech topics. - Ensuring the content aligns with our SEO strategy to increase website traffic. - Proofreading and editing to ensure the content is of high quality and free of errors. Ideal Candidate: - Proficient in content writing with a strong focus on the technology and gadgets industry. - Experienced with SEO practices to drive website traffic. - Capable of producing engaging and informative content. - Skilled in proofreading and editing. If you have a flair for tech writing and can help me achieve my goal of boosting website traffic, I�...
...skilled and creative content writer to contribute to our e-commerce website. Our focus is on lab-grown diamond jewelry, and thus, the content you create should be engaging, informative, and educational for our target audience. Key Requirements: - Regularly create high-quality content: We have a significant need for content creation, with over 20 pages needed for diamond jewelry education, as well as 500+ product descriptions. The ideal candidate will be able to sustain a consistent output and maintain a high standard of quality. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record in e-commerce content writing: Experience in creating content for e-commerce platforms, particularly in the jewelry industry, will be highly beneficial. - Knowledge of lab-grown diamonds: A background i...
...my website. - The main purpose of my website is brand promotion, and my target audience is the general public. I'm looking to increase the visibility of my brand through strategic SEO techniques. - I'm specifically interested in having positive articles posted on quality websites, and creating backlinks to drive organic traffic. - It's crucial for the candidate to have a comprehensive understanding of SEO, and how to effectively leverage it for brand awareness and promotion. - Past experience with brand promotion, generating positive articles, and creating backlinks will be a definite advantage. - The selected freelancer also needs to understand the intricacies of working with quality websites for posting content and backlinks. I'm looking for som...
...research will be necessary. About Us: We are a motivated investor looking to allocate £500 monthly to fund the development and growth of an online business with significant profit potential. With a commitment to long-term success, we're offering a lucrative opportunity for the right entrepreneur to join forces with us and share in the rewards. Opportunity: This is an exceptional opportunity for an experienced entrepreneur to take the lead in conceptualizing, launching, and managing a successful online business. As our partner, you'll have access to our financial resources and support to bring your vision to life and drive profitability. What We're Offering: Generous investment: We will provide £500 monthly investment to fund the business oper...
I'm in need of a skilled content writer to create engaging blog posts and website content. - Content Type: The project involves crafting blog posts and website content. - Word Count: The desired word count is less than 500 words for each piece. - Target Audience: The content will be for a general audience. Ideal candidates should have: - Demonstrated experience in writing engaging and concise blog posts and website content. - An understanding of tailoring content to a general audience. - Proven ability to produce high-quality, error-free work in a timely manner. Looking forward to your bids.
...to embark on a profitable journey in the digital world? We're looking for passionate and driven individuals to join our dynamic team and help turn our online business dreams into reality! About Us: We are a forward-thinking investor with a keen interest in launching and scaling an online business with the potential for significant growth and profitability. With a dedicated monthly investment of £500, we're committed to building a successful venture and are seeking partners who share our vision and ambition. Opportunity: This is an exciting opportunity for skilled professionals who are eager to collaborate and contribute their expertise to a promising online venture. As a partner, you'll have the chance to be involved in all aspects of the business, from str...
I'm looking for a skilled web designer to create a website that serves as an examination system. This system will be used by more than 500 users and will include the following features: - Multiple choice questions - Essay questions - Time-limited exams The primary aim is to have an interface that's user-friendly, secure, and intuitive for users to interact with, especially during exam times. The layout and design must be professional and responsive to guarantee a smooth user experience. Ideal skills for this job include: - Proficient in web design - Previous experience in creating similar systems - Understanding of user experience principles - Strong communication skills to understand requirements and provide updates on progress. Please provide examples of previous w...
...reduction and Reducing credit card. Demonstrate excellent coding skills, with a focus on creating efficient, scalable and maintainable codes. - Writing academic level, research-intensive articles on credit card fraud prevention and Reducing credit card. These articles should delve into different types of credit card fraud and Reducing credit card, elaborate on various methods and techniques to prevent these frauds, and provide case studies and real-life examples of successful fraud prevention strategies. You should possess exceptional research and critical thinking skills to produce top-tier articles. Ideal candidate should have prior experience in field of data security, a strong understanding of patterns and trends related to credit card fraud, Reducing cred...
I'm in search of a professional who can compile an exhaustive list of vendor registration portal links of top Tech Fortune 500 companies across North America. I'm looking to establish connections with these giants to offer our services in software development and IT infrastructure consulting. Key Requirements: - You should have a deep understanding of the Tech industry, particularly in Fortune 500 companies. - An expert in research and data gathering, with a proven track record of compiling lists. - Familiarity with vendor registration processes will be highly advantageous. - Given our interest in the Finance, Healthcare, and Government sectors, experience or knowledge of these industries will be a plus. Your task will be to provide direct links or a list of URL...
I'm looking for a skilled freelance writer to create engaging travel and leisure articles. - The articles should be informative, well-researched, and tailored for a general audience. - You should have a good understanding of SEO, and be able to incorporate keywords naturally. - The ideal candidate will have prior experience writing similar content. - Knowledge of travel trends and popular destinations is a plus. If you're passionate about travel, have a talent for writing, and can deliver high-quality content on time, I'd like to hear from you.
I'm seeking a writer well-versed in technology to create 'Technology' articles for my blog. Your work should be engaging, informative, and most importantly, accessible for an audience with intermediate knowledge in technology. - Ability to research and fact check efficiently to ensure accurate information is conveyed - Creativity and ability to generate compelling content to drive traffic and engagement Your role will be to demystify technology through your writing, enabling readers to better understand and engage with the technology around them. I'm looking for an individual with innovative ideas, who can bring technology to life through their words.
I am in need of captivating short lifestyle articles. Here's an overview of what I require: - Creative and engaging lifestyle articles - Each piece should not exceed 500 words Ideal Skills & Experience: - Fluent English writing skills - Proficient in lifestyle topics - Portfolio showcasing similar past projects It is essential that the freelancer has a solid understanding and interest in lifestyle related topics. This includes but is not limited to health and wellness, travel, food and drink, and fashion. I appreciate an individual who is able to transform their passion in these areas into unique and engaging content. Your creativity and ability to captivate an audience with your words is highly valued in this project.
I'm looking for a skilled video editor who can help bring my raw footage to life. My vlogs typically range between 10-20 minutes and they need to be edited in a lifestyle, aesthetic, calming style. These vlogs are a peek into my daily life and activities, so the editing should reflect that. Key Requirements:...Sample REFERENCE of what type/style of video I want: Previous experience in editing in a similar style is a plus. If you have an eye for detail, a creative flair, and the technical skills to bring it all together, I'd love to hear from you. I will PAY 600 INR per VLOG/VIDEO Project. This is going to be a regular job if I like your work.
I'm seeking a beginner-level content writer who is excited to delve into the topics ...Tools and Libraries. Though you'd be starting at a beginner's level, a flair for tech-related topics and a will to learn can more than compensate for any lack of depth in these specific areas. Ideal Skills: - Basic SEO content writing - Basic understanding and interest in AI & Data Engineering topics - Strong researching skills - Ability to translate complex topics into engaging content Your articles will resonate with Data Engineers, Data Analysts, and AI Professionals, assisting them in their day-to-day tasks and overall career advancement. I believe that the right information presented in a user-friendly way has the potential to make a huge difference. Can't wait to ma...
Seeking a freelancer to help me with my academic project. I need 2 thesis papers, each consisting of 10,000 words. I will provide the topics for each thesis paper. The citation style required for the thesis papers is Harvard. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experienced academic writer with expertise in Business Sector - Proficient in using the Harvard citation style - Ability to deliver high-quality work within the given deadline - Need to share the portfolio of written thesis papers - Plagiarism-free with the Ai 9 turnitin and Originalty ai ) report attached when you submit the paper - Proper formatting, with page number, appendix and all Budget - $100-120 for 1 thesis of 10k words If you have done thesis papers earlier, feel free to bid! Will like to discuss this fur...
...and narrative-based graphics for a news portal. Key Responsibilities: - Designing engaging and insightful infographics that explain complex processes or concepts in a simple and visually appealing way. - Creating social media designs that are both eye-catching and thought-provoking. - Crafting narrative-based graphics that resonate with the target audience of a news portal. Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in infographic design, social media design, and narrative-based graphics. - Ability to grasp and translate complex intellectual topics into visually engaging and understandable graphics. - Strong portfolio that showcases a modern and minimalist design style. - Excellent understanding of design principles and techniques. - Prior experience in news or media-r...
I'm currently using a manual dialing system and looking to transition to ViciDial to handle my call volume of 50-500 calls per day. I'm specifically interested in the predictive dialing feature. Ideal skills and experience for this job would include: - Expertise in ViciDial setup and configuration - Solid understanding of call center operations - Experience in optimizing dialing systems for medium call volumes - Mastery in setting up predictive dialing systems Success on this project would mean a smooth transition from my current manual dialing system to an optimized ViciDial system that can effectively manage my daily call volumes, incorporating predictive dialing capabilities for efficiency.
I am in need of an experienced editor specialized in Bioinformatics, with a particular focus on Research Articles. The main task is to provide Technical Editing with Fact-checking. Key Responsibilities: - Edit research articles: I require a deep understanding of Bioinformatics to ensure that the facts are accurate and the content is of high-quality. - Perform fact-checking: This is an essential aspect of the role to ensure the credibility and reliability of the content. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in editing scientific content, with a particular focus on molecular dynamics simulation. - A background in Biology or a related field is preferred. - Excellent attention to detail and a reliable fact-checking process. - Experience in technical editing is a mus...
I want to make a website without using wordpress. It should be make on CMS. fully coding, do not use readymade theme, like generatepress, astra or anything. example- exactly same news site should be make.
I'm seeking an experienced developer who's capable of finalizing the 10 bot templates/workflows I already have on make.com. The templates need to be customized for my industry and connected to my Social Media account, google etc. They need to be fully tested and operational for handover and delivering what they are supposed to. Examples ...on make.com. The templates need to be customized for my industry and connected to my Social Media account, google etc. They need to be fully tested and operational for handover and delivering what they are supposed to. Examples of existing workflows: (1) Identify trending SEO keywords and create google sheet (template in place but not customized and functioning yet) and create 3 articles/blogs with those key words (to be created)....
I'm looking for a talented designer who can create a animated modern logo and banner for my Fivem server, The name is going to be BackStreets NYC. Here's a breakdown of what I need: - Fivem Logo and Banner Both animated: - These should reflect a modern, sleek design. - Incorporate a blend of green and black colors. - While specific elements weren't specified, you could conside...New York City skyline, or cars to tie to the server's theme. Ideal skills for this project would include: - Graphic design with a strong portfolio of modern and dynamic logos and banners. - Experience in animation, particularly for branding purposes. - Understanding of Fivem and Discord platforms to optimize the designs for their respective uses. Banner Size: 1865 BY 108 PIXELS Logo ...
I require a specialised designer to create a sanitary expansion facility for my new equipment and precise layout. This facility needs to cater to a high production demand of over 500 units per day. The crux of the project is a sunflower brining, roasting and seasoning line - spanning a massive 160ft. Your design should perfectly accommodate this equipment. Key Criteria: - Adequate space for storage and movement - Distinct areas for different processes - Enhanced workflow and an efficient equipment arrangement The ideal freelancer will have ample experience in industrial design and a strong understanding of production flow. Your proficiency in CAD or similar design software will be crucial for this project. Efficiency and functionality are paramount to this design.
I'm in need of a skilled content writer to contribute to my monthly fashion magazine. The content includes fashion articles, trend reports, fashion interviews, and shop reviews. Your role involves writing pieces that are under 500 words each. Key Responsibilities: - Crafting engaging and informative fashion articles - Delivering insightful trend reports - Conducting fashion interviews with industry professionals - Writing concise and compelling shop reviews Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in fashion writing - Strong understanding of current fashion trends - Proficiency in conducting interviews - Ability to write concise yet informative content Please note that the content needs to be delivered on a monthly basis. If you're passio...
...website to be able to showcase upcoming church events and services. - Sermon recordings: The theme should support showcasing or linking to audio or video recordings of sermons. - Online donations: The theme should support online donation processing. - Ministries: I need a section to showcase the various ministries within the church. - Blog: The theme should support blogging, allowing us to share news and updates with our congregation. - Gallery: I would also like to have a gallery for sharing images from events. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Extensive experience with Wordpress, including theme integration and customization. - Familiarity with church websites and understanding of the key features they require. - Proficiency in implementing and customizing plugins for event calen...
...content will be generated using Artificial Intelligence (AI). The generated content will primarily be articles. Key Features Needed: - The system should be able to automatically create web pages - The system should have a built-in AI integration for content generation - The system needs to be seamlessly integrated with WHMCS Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in PHP and web development - Experience in working with AI and integrating it into a system - Prior experience in developing systems that can automatically create web pages - Familiarity with WHMCS is a bonus The purpose of these generated web pages will be for content publishing. The AI's primary role will be writing articles for these pages. The ideal freelancer should be able to create a system tha...
I need an article of 500 words on tourist places in Vietnam. I need it by tomorrow and my budget is $25
I'm in need of engaging and accurate articles that delve into the latest news updates in the field of health. These articles are specifically for a professional audience, so a nuanced understanding of complex health topics is essential. Key Requirements: - Expertise in the creation of health-related content - Ability to breakdown complex health topics for easier understanding - Keeping abreast with the latest happenings in health - Prior experience writing for a professional audience would be an advantage. The ideal candidate needs to be able to deliver these articles in a timely manner and provide credible, reliable information. Your writing should invite our readers to stay updated and educated on the ever-evolving field of health.
...female football channel in Spain. Videos should be around 8 minutes long, with a native Spanish and Spanish accent voiceover. The concept is to create match highlight videos with voiceover explaining the game, as well as including the latest news about players, transfers, and trending topics. Key Requirements: - Videos should be about 8 minutes in duration. - Native Spanish accent is a must. - Female voiceover is required. - The content of the videos should include: - Highlight plays - Goals and celebrations - Key moments of the game - News on trending topics and player transfers. Frequency: - I'm looking to publish 3 new videos each week on my channel. Ideal Freelancer: - Fluent in Spanish with a native accent. - Experienced in sports content, ideally...
...Freelancer needs to record his/het voice narration and describe what is being showed at each video. Welcoming, Introduction and closing messages are required on each audio clip, e.g. "Welcome to this training session provide by "XYZ company". We'll present you on how to draw a line using the toolbars" and "Thank you so much for watching and we would like to remind you to keep posted about our software news at our website, and see you at our next training session.". The duration of each audio clip needs to approximately match the duration of the respective training video file, but absolutely cannot be longer than the training video file. Deliveries: voice mp3 audio files without any background noise. AutoCAD user knowledge is a mandatory requir...
